Journal of Medical Imaging and Case Reports

Takashi Nagaoka

Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, and accurately segmenting pigmented lesions is crucial for early diagnosis. However, manual annotation is time-consuming, subjective, and requires expertise from dermatologists. To address these challenges, we propose a fully unsupervised segmentation approach using grounded-segment-anything model (Grounded-SAM), which operates without the need for annotated training data.

Anna Eshghi, Reid Shelton, Joe Jose and Naghmeh Eshghi

Aortoesophageal fistula (AEFs) is a rare and fatal complication of thoracic aortic aneurysms. The clinical presentation is often nonspecific, and endoscopy can be unreliable for making the diagnosis.

Michael Huy Cuong Pham, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, James V. Chapman, Ole de Backer, Jesper J. Linde, Lars V. Køber, Gakuto Aoyama, Keitaro Kawashima and Takuya Sakaguchi

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most common valvular heart diseases, though many patients with severe MR are unsuitable for surgical interventions. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is an established non-surgical procedure that allows safe and effective reduction of MR in highrisk patients. Appropriate patient selection is critical and achieved through clinical assessment and imaging derived measurement of the mitral valve (MV) apparatus to optimize procedural success.

Niyati Rajesh Shah, Beta Sai Siddartha, Akkineni Sreshta and Sai Mukund Koneru

Hypothalamic obesity (HO), which results from dysfunction or damage to the hypothalamus, is often characterized by uncontrollable weight gain, altered metabolic function, and an increased risk of associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Karan Bir Singh, Krithika Muthyala, Daniel Pierotti, Brett Martin, Esther Morrison, Matthew Pearson and Omar Alkharabsheh

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) primarily affects the lymphatic system; however, extranodal involvement occurs in approximately 10% of cases. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, though rare, can present in various forms, including intracranial, epidural, leptomeningeal, and intramedullary spinal cord involvement.

Sarah Murad, Mohammad Alsayed, Bilal Rammal, Salah Shihata, Danah Krimli and Stephen Murphy

Renal transplantation is recognized as the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering improved survival rates and quality of life compared to dialysis. However, renal transplant recipients face a significantly increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with a risk approximately five to six times higher than that of the general population.