Rebecca Hopkins, Alexandra Hodder and Andrew Dalton
Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is an interventional radiology procedure used to treat gallbladder-related complications in patients who are poor surgical candidates for cholecystectomy. It can be performed via a transperitoneal (TP) or transhepatic (TH) approach, though the literature remains inconclusive on which route is superior.

Shaun Wang, Ralph Wells, Steven Wang, Yi He and Xiaohong Si
Foot drop is a common symptom that often requires further neurologic evaluation via electromyography (EMG). This case details a 57-year-old male who presented with left lower extremity pain, paresthesia, and foot drop.

Alexandra Hodder and Lisa Smyth
Purpose: Preparation for in-training and licensing examinations is a key component of radiology residency, with potential long-term career impacts. While case volume is often emphasized in training, its relationship with examination outcomes remains unclear.

Keith Stolzfus, Priya Sunkara, Keren George, Andrew Fisher and Raman Desikan
Skeletal fluorosis is a metabolic bone disease caused by chronic exposure to fluoride ions, which could be due ingestion or inhalation.

Cassandra Collins, Alexandra Hodder and Andrew Dalton
Purpose: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred method for patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. However, AVFs are prone to developing stenosis, creating difficulties with proper functioning for hemodialysis. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PBA) is the mainstay of treatment for stenosis, yet there remains debate regarding the use of drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) containing paclitaxel compared to non-medicated balloons (NMBs).

Daniel Reyes, Jace Buxton and Scott Jorgensen

Background: Slipped proximal humeral epiphysis (SPHE) has rarely been described in the literature. In addition, to these authors’ knowledge, this condition has not previously been described in the literature as occurring following a fall such as occurred in this case. This contributes a potential mechanism of injury to this uncommon finding.

Takashi Nagaoka

Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, and accurately segmenting pigmented lesions is crucial for early diagnosis. However, manual annotation is time-consuming, subjective, and requires expertise from dermatologists. To address these challenges, we propose a fully unsupervised segmentation approach using grounded-segment-anything model (Grounded-SAM), which operates without the need for annotated training data.

Anna Eshghi, Reid Shelton, Joe Jose and Naghmeh Eshghi

Aortoesophageal fistula (AEFs) is a rare and fatal complication of thoracic aortic aneurysms. The clinical presentation is often nonspecific, and endoscopy can be unreliable for making the diagnosis.

Michael Huy Cuong Pham, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, James V. Chapman, Ole de Backer, Jesper J. Linde, Lars V. Køber, Gakuto Aoyama, Keitaro Kawashima and Takuya Sakaguchi

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most common valvular heart diseases, though many patients with severe MR are unsuitable for surgical interventions. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is an established non-surgical procedure that allows safe and effective reduction of MR in highrisk patients. Appropriate patient selection is critical and achieved through clinical assessment and imaging derived measurement of the mitral valve (MV) apparatus to optimize procedural success.